Abstract
Nowadays, scientists often define dysbiosis as a condition of a microbial ecological system, in which there is a simultaneous abnormality of the functions and interaction mechanisms of its key components: macroorganism and indigenous microbiota associated with the mucous membranes of cavities and skin. At the same time, obviously, the basis of all these processes is changes of structural intestinal components that are caused by qualitative and quantitative changes in the normal microflora. Purpose: to study the ultrastructural organization of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice after the formation of dysbiosis of the intestine. Outbred white mice in the number of 40 units (20 - experimental and 20 control) was served as an experimental model. Antibacterial drugs (ampicillin, metronidazole and gentamicin) are used to form dysbiosis. The conducted experiments are allowed to establish that the using of antibacterial drugs in the above-mentioned doses contributes to shortening the length of the microvillus and their reduction (disappearance) in some places, destruction with subsequent disintegration. According to the results of electronograms analysis, the assumption was made about stimulating the secretory function of the small intestine enterocytes by powerful doses of antibacterial drugs. In addition, it was found that the formation of dysbiotic disorders is accompanied by a defect of the connection between epithelial cells due to the expansion of the intercellular space and the disappearance of the dense plate. Research results also indicate that antibiotics that were used in the experiment can cause development of apoptosis. In addition, it has been shown that, on the background of the dysbiotic disorders formation, the activation of immune processes is taking place, as evidenced by the appearance of a significant number of Paneth cells, plasma cells with enlarged tubules, apparently due to their filling with immunoglobulins, as well as the growth of numbers of luminalis eosinophils and basophils. The ability of antibiotics to form dysbiotic states with pronounced cytodestructive disorders in the epithelium of the small intestine with the development of apoptosis was substantiated; the argument about the immune stimulating effect of antibiotic induced dysbiosis is argued.
Highlights
According to the latest data human intestine contains about 100 trillion bacteria, 70-80% of which today cannot be cultivated yet [2, 8, 13]
There is an assumption that dysbiosis, or a violation of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the normal intestinal microflora, leads to violations of the microbial ecological system, functions, mechanisms of interaction of the macroorganism and indigenous microbiota, and changes in the structural components of the intestine
The oral administration of antibacterial drugs can contribute to the development of functional disorders in the intestine, which are already manifested at the ultrastructure level
Summary
According to the latest data human intestine contains about 100 trillion bacteria, 70-80% of which today cannot be cultivated yet [2, 8, 13]. Scientists often consider the intestinal microbiota as a kind of extracorporeal organ, which provides vital aspects of human vital activity [2, 6, 22, 23]. The human microbe is characterized by pronounced multifunctional activity that provides the vital functions of the macroorganism. At the same time, according to scientists view the normal microflora differs and expressed susceptibility, and even, may be a kind of indicator of adverse effects on the body [25]. The composition of a normal microflora can be influenced by a number of factors such as inflammatory bowel disease, psychoemotional overload, unfavorable ecological picture, etc. [14, Bobyr V.V., Poniatovskyi V.A., Chobotar A.P., Stechenko L.O., Kryvosheyeva О.І., Nazarchuk O.A., Кovalenko О.О
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