FEATURES OF SPELT CULTIVATING ON DRAINED LANDS

Abstract

Researches with a polba were carried out in 2017-2019 on the experimental fields of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (Tver Oblast).The effectiveness of individual agro-technical methods of adapting the technology of its cultivation to the conditions of drained lands was studied: combed ribbon-scattering method of sowing, harrowing combed crops, fertilizers. The soils of the experimental plot are soddy-podzolic, light loamy and loamy sandy, gleyous, drained by closed drainage, slightly acidic, the content of mobile phosphorus is high, exchange potassium is increased, humus is 2.32-2.70%.It has been established that in the conditions of the northwestern part of the Non-chernozem zone it is advisable to grow a polba on drained lands on ridges 40-80 mm high using an improved comb-ribbon spread method of sowing, which provides leveling of the soil surface, creation of a compacted bed and good contact of seeds with soil by pressing seed into the soil. Compared with the ordinary method of sowing, field germination of seeds increased by 22%, survival - by 17.7%, yield - by 1.19 t / ha or 68.0%. The main increase in yield on options with combed sowing method was obtained due to a significant increase in the number of stems with ears. The different regime of pressure of the rollers on the soil during sowing also influenced the biometric parameters of the crops of polba. The best results were obtained with an improved method of sowing with medium and maximum pressure rollers on the soil. Field germination of spelled seeds in these variants was 75-79%, plant survival was 61.0-63.3% or 6-10 and 3.0-5.3%, respectively, more than at the minimum pressure of the rollers. Effective methods of increasing the yield of polba is the harrowing of crops in the phase of complete tillering and the use of a moderate amount of mineral fertilizers. When combed sowing, fertilizer efficiency increases.