FEATURES OF ROADSIDE LANDSCAPING DESIGN OF CITIES

Abstract

The article focuses on a detailed analysis of the legislative and regulatory framework and theoretical sources of domestic and foreign experts on the problem of making urban planning decisions on the organization of greening of the street and road network of urban settlements. The main functions of greening - urban planning and ecological - are singled out and characterized. A study of the street and road network of Kyiv was carried out with a decomposition of problem areas related to urban improvement and landscaping, namely: an inefficient surface drainage system, increased soil salinity along the roadway and pedestrian zones, a limited life span of tree and shrub plantings.
 The foreign experience of greening city streets was studied, where the main attention is paid to the restoration of biodiversity due to the sowing of onion grasses with a ban on mowing, planting trees and shrubs for nitrogen fixation and soil retention from landslides, erosion, significant wind load, preservation of soil moisture due to the use of various types of mulching for the vital activity of beneficial microorganisms and provision of water-soluble plant nutrients, arrangement of rain gardens and ditches, where moisture can accumulate after significant atmospheric precipitation and directly feed the plants that grow nearby, and already the excess rainwater is subject to extraction in the surface drainage network. 
 A principle model of the stages of selection of green spaces for the street and road network of cities is presented according to the following aspects: urban planning conditions and restrictions, agrotechnical and decorative properties of green spaces, performance of ecological and urban planning functions by green spaces. When organizing landscaping, the importance of taking into account the needs of different users of public spaces (drivers and passengers of vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians), as well as the nature and function of adjacent buildings, is emphasized. The range of problems of the organization of greening of urban transport hubs and races of the city of Kyiv has been determined. The importance of developing uniform standards for the organization of greening of the street and road network of cities, criteria and indicators of the quality of greening, taking into account the functions and principles of greening organization, is emphasized. The development of the specified quality indicators will make it possible to approach the choice of plant assortment on city streets and roads in a balanced and rational manner, and the implementation of such urban projects will meet the requirements of time and the ecological state of urban settlements.