Features of pasture nutrition and reproduction as indicators of acclimatization of the Chukchi deer in Yamal

Abstract

The article presents the results of scientific and production experience in acclimatization and breeding use of reindeer males of the Chukchi breed in the reindeer herding economy of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Research and production experience on the acclimatization of Chukotka producers was carried out at the Tazovsky agricultural enterprise of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where they were delivered by two groups from the Bilibinsky District of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. When assessing the relationship between the origin of the studied animals and the characteristics of the use of pasture fodder, it was found that the ratio of fodder fractions is more influenced by the state of pastures and the grazing season than the breed of deer. the ratio of feed fractions in the rumen of the Nenets and Chukchi deer on average per year did not reveal a statistically significant advantage of any of the studied groups. Timing of the grazing behavior of males of different origins showed that Chukchi deer were more active on pastures, but they spent almost a third of this time looking for food, while local Nenets peers spent half the time on these activities. The time spent directly on the process of feeding in deer of different origins turned out to be almost the same. The results of deer calving showed that the deadness of the breeding stock and the mortality of newborn calves in the experimental herd are lower than in the control herd by 1.1 and 1.0%, respectively. The increased number of stillborn calves is explained by cases of their death in first-calf heifers. The death of live calves during the calving period in both herds is almost the same, but the business yield of calves is higher in the experimental herd by 1.2%. During the first year after the relocation, the Chukchi deer adapted to the conditions of the Yamal forest-tundra and were successfully used as breeding animals.