Features of mobile phosphorus accumulation under different systems of agriculture in agricultural landscapes

Abstract

The aim of the article was to establish the features of the phosphorus regime of the soil under different systems of agriculture in the agricultural landscapes of the Right Bank and Left Bank Forest-Steppe in the cultivation of grain crops. The study used the method of agroecological monitoring and laboratory (methods of chemical, physico-chemical analysis using modern methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometry in accordance with the requirements of the quality management system, DSTU 3973-2000). The research was conducted in the right-bank Forest-Steppe on the basis of long-term experiments of departments: technologies of grain crops and technologies of legumes, cereals and oilseeds crops, located within the research fields of NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS» (Fastiv district of Kyiv region), and in the left-bank Forest-Steppe on the Panfil Research Station of NSC «IZ NAAN» in a stationary experiment of the department of crop change and agriculture on reclaimed lands for determining the impact of different systems of farming for growing cereals crop in crop rotations and permanent crops. Under the extensive system of agriculture on dark gray podzolic soil and typical chernozem, the development of degradation processes was noted, namely the negative impact on the content of mobile phosphorus compounds, regardless of the method of growing crops. Over more than 30 years of research, periodic application of ameliorants and annual incorporation of plant residues has led to a reduction of more than 1.5 times the amount of mobile phosphorus. The organic system of agriculture, which provided for the introduction of ameliorants and annual incorporation of plant residues at a dose equivalent to 5 t/ha of straw, increased the number of mobile phosphorus compounds by almost 21% compared to 1988 baseline (1988). The introduction of different options for intensive farming systems has increased the amount of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soil by 1.4-2.1 times compared to baseline, during the observation period, 1.4–2.1 times. The largest increase in their number, almost 2.1 times over 30 years, was observed in the variant with the introduction of N105,0P86,3K101,3 per 1 ha of crop rotation area (intensive № 2).