Features of hysteroscopic interventions in women with infertility and uterine pathology (Literature review)

Abstract

One of the main problems which determine the demographic situation in the society is infertility. According to the latest data from the World Health Organization, the frequency of infertile marriages among the couples of reproductive age has a steady upward trend. Today, the uterine factor in the structure of female infertility has a prominent place and can reach 30%. The most common pathological conditions of the uterus include hyperplastic processes in the endometrium. In the structure of intrauterine pathology, according to the literature, chronic endometritis is found twice more often than other diseases. Modern methods of diagnosis, which include ultrasound and endoscopic methods, allow to detect various pathological processes in the uterine cavity with high accuracy. At the same time, it should be mentioned, that intrauterine intervention damages the “cervical” barrier of anti-inflammatory protection of the uterus and its appendages, and the operation itself through the vagina multiples the risk of infectious complications development. The article is devoted to a literature review about the evaluation of the features and safety of hysteroscopy interventions in women with infertility and intrauterine pathology in order to justify the measures to prevent complications. Intrauterine interventions are one of the causes of inflammatory diseases of the internal genital organs. Hysteroscopy is the “gold standard” for examination of the endometrium and uterine cavity, and at the same time, it can be one of the reasons for inflammatory diseases of the internal genital organs that adversely affect the reproductive function of women. The development of inflammatory complications after intrauterine interventions is associated, first of all, with the spread of infection from the lower parts of the reproductive tract and the formation of entrance gates for infection due to the damage of the mucous membranes during surgical manipulations. The frequency of inflammatory complications during intrauterine intervention, according to various authors, ranges from 5 to 43% and depends on the type of manipulations. An extremely important scientific and practical issue is the improvement of preventive measures to increase the safety of hysteroscopy interventions, reduce postoperative complications, and improve reproductive outcomes.