Abstract
Abstract. BIM modeling technologies are gradually becoming mandatory and necessary in a life cycle of a building or structure. The main difference between BIM and other types of design is the collection and comprehensive processing of all architectural, technological, economic, operational and other information about the building in a single informational environment. Moreover, all elements of the model are interconnected and interdependent, which ensures the maximum proximity of the model to the real situation. The advantages of BIM technology for cultural heritage sites are operational guidance and quality control of restoration and construction works, minimizing the probability of errors in projects, cost reduction and optimization at operation phase. Technological scheme of high-precision information modeling of cultural heritage objects includes data acquisition, modelling of structural elements and accumulation of attributive information in a specialized software environment, quality control, visualization. The data acquisition stage is based on analysis of existing data and documentation, executive surveys. For this purpose, terrestrial laser scanning is a perfect surveying tool due to its speed, accuracy, completeness of data and level of detail. The difficulty of determining the technical characteristics of the elements and their physical properties, can be partially solved with excessive information provided from laser scanning, and the complexity of modeling deformations and deviations, restricts the level of development and detail (LOD) of the BIM model but define use of mixed LOD (LOD200-500) for a cultural heritage object. The factors that determine the LOD of BIM modeling are: the current state of the object, surveying accessibility, availability of documentation etc. Considering such modeling features provides the creation of a informational model that determines the functionality of the object, in respect with its cultural, historical and architectural value.
Highlights
1.1 BIM and level of development (LOD)Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of an object that creates a shared information resource of the object and forms a solid basis for decision-making throughout its life cycle: from early concepts to disposal (Standards USA, 2014)
The main characteristic of BIM is the level of development (LOD), which determines how much graphic and non-graphic information is required for a particular element of the information model at a certain stage of its development
To ensure the organization of BIM project planning, 3D coordination and transfer of the necessary information, there are 6 basic LODs defined in Level of Development specification by (BIM Forum, 2021): LOD100, LOD200, LOD300, LOD350, LOD400 and LOD500
Summary
1.1 BIM and LODBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of an object that creates a shared information resource of the object and forms a solid basis for decision-making throughout its life cycle: from early concepts to disposal (Standards USA, 2014). The main difference between BIM and other types of modeling is the collection and comprehensive processing of all architectural, technological, economic, operational and other information about the building in a single information environment In this case, all elements of the model are interconnected and interdependent, which ensures maximum proximity of the model to the real situation. It is worth noting that full implementation of LOD higher than 300 is possible only for objects, which are fully designed and constructed with BIM approach For this purpose, architects and designers use libraries or families of elements developed in LOD 400 (which can be provided by the manufacturers of these elements) or create them by specifying the detailed information needed to manufacture such elements. The LOD500, which in addition to the LOD400 should contain information about the actual size and location of the elements of the constructed object, today is rather conceptual, as no BIM software allows to accurately represent all building elements with all possible deformations
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