Features of hemodynamic and structural parameters of the heart in young people with varying stages of cardiometabolic risk

Abstract

Background. Cardiometabolic diseases are one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, which justifies the relevance of studying their early manifestations.
 Aim. To analyze the hemodynamic and structural echocardiographic parameters of the heart in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors and its staging according to the Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS) scale in young patients.
 Material and methods. 109 patients were examined: 57 males (52.3%) and 52 females (47.7%) aged with a median of 36.1 [32.639.2] years without cardiometabolic diseases. The design of the study was a cross-sectional case-control study. The parameters of cardiometabolic risk were assessed with its calculation and assessment taking into account the stage according to the CMDS scale. Echocardiography was performed in M- and B-modes. The data were processed using the SPSS Statistics 23 program. The MannWhitney U test, the KruskalWallis test, and the Pearson and Fisher 2 tests were used. Correlation analysis according to Spearman was carried out.
 Results. The first stage of cardiometabolic risk was established in 17 examined patients (15.6%), the rest had stage 2 (n=57; 52.3%) or stage 3 (n=35; 32.1%) of cardiometabolic risk. Deviations from the normal values of hemodynamic echocardiographic parameters were not revealed. The frequency of increase in the index of relative thickness, the thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle, the interventricular septum thickness, the myocardium mass of the left ventricle did not differ (p=0.1980.983). A direct correlation between the left atrial, end-systolic and diastolic volumes, left ventricle wall thickness, and an inverse relationship between the left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiometabolic risk factors was established. At the 3rd stage of cardiometabolic risk, higher values of the left atrial volume (47 [4649] ml; p=0.005), end-systolic (30.42 [29.2332.04] ml; p=0.001) and diastolic (79 [7881] ml; p=0.003) volumes of the left ventricle and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (61 [60.3562.65] ml; p=0.004) than on the 1st and 2nd stages were diagnosed.
 Conclusion. An increase in the cardiometabolic risk is associated with an increase in preload and afterload on the left heart.