Features of hemodynamic and metabolic disorders in obese patients with resistant hypertension

Abstract

Background. The aim was to establish the features of hemodynamic and metabolic parameters in obese patients with true and pseudo-resistant arterial hypertension (AH). Material and methods. The study included 200 patients with uncontrolled AH and obesity. Patients were initially prescribed dual antihypertensive therapy. Those patients who did not reach target blood pressure (BP) levels after 3 months on dual therapy were additionally prescribed a third antihypertensive drug. Of the 98 patients who were assigned to triple therapy, 48 patients did not reach target BP (27 patients had pseudo-resistant and 21 patients had true resistant AH). These patients were additionally prescribed a fourth antihypertensive drug (spironolactone). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated 6 months after the start of antihypertensive therapy. Results. After 6 months of therapy, unlike patients without resistance, individuals with resistant AH had more pronounced cardiovascular remodeling and metabolic disorders, disbalance of oxidative stress-antioxidant protection, proinflammatory activity and higher activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Patients with true resistance differed from pseudo-resistant patients by having significantly lower body mass index (BMI); in the absence of differences in BP levels, cardiovascular remodeling, lipid and carbohydrate profiles, patients with true resistance had significantly higher levels of aldosterone, higher activity of oxidative stress system, lower levels of general antioxidant protection, higher adiponectin levels, and lower leptin level. Conclusions. Obese patients with true resistance differed from pseudo-resistant patients by having significantly lower BMI, higher aldosterone levels, more pronounced imbalance of the system of oxidative stress-antioxidant protection and less pronounced adipokine imbalance.