Abstract
Ecological-reclamation state of rice irrigation systems harvest of cultivated crops determined by a number of factors, including natural (soil, topographical, hydrogeological, climatic factors) and technological (irrigation norm, designs and parameters of irrigation and drainage networks, etc.) factors. One of the main factors influencing the formation of rice yield which is traditionally grown by flooding technology is the efficiency of the rice irrigation system’s design. Construction features of irrigation fields and their parameters (distances between the drains, depth of the drainage network) affect the intensity of the processes of salinization of soils and groundwater. Analysis of the components of salt balances of rice fields with different parameters and designs on example of the Danube rice irrigation systems showed that fields with the distances between the drains from 200 to 250 m have significant advantages over Krasnodar-type fields with the same parameters and over fields with 500 m distance between the drains creating optimal salt regime for rice and, accordingly, obtaining higher yields of rice. As on the card-checks with drainage with the distances between the drains 500 m uniform desalinization of soils on all area cannot be reached and yield of rice on them is close to 20 c/ha such card-checks with drainage must be converted into card-checks with drainage with the distances between the drains 250 m.
Highlights
The concept of the stable development of national economy envisages rational ecological and economic nature use guaranteeing the business operation without worsening environment and its preservation for generations to come
Modern rice irrigation systems (RIS) is a complex set of water supply, drainage, regulative and other elements connected by a single technological process in combination with the rice fields, where the leading crop of rice crop rotation flooded rice and related overland crops are grown
Studies of salt balance were conducted by us for 5 years in order to assess the effectiveness of rice fields with various parameters and designs on the Danube RIS located in the Odessa region (Fig. 1)
Summary
The concept of the stable development of national economy envisages rational ecological and economic nature use guaranteeing the business operation without worsening environment and its preservation for generations to come. In this connection problems arising in the sphere of rice sowing in Ukraine are becoming of late especially urgent and call for speedy positive solutions. The construction of engineering rice irrigation systems in Ukraine began in the 70-s of the last century and at present their area amounts to about 62 thousand hectares (Crimea – 30.8 thousand hectares, Kherson region – 18 thousand hectares, Odessa region – 14 thousand hectares). How well the design of the field is chosen and its parameters are selected depends on how successfully it will perform its functions, which are to create the optimal salt and water-air regime for rice and related crops
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