Features of forensic gemological examination of pearls and amber

Abstract

The article discusses the features of the forensic examination of organogenic origin gemstones - amber and pearls, which are in the in the same group of organogenic origin gemstones, have different conditions of origin and therefore they formed different markets on the complexity and ambiguity. Unlike the legislation of importing countries, where cultured pearls are not a precious stone, in Ukraine this stone is included in the scope of regulation of gemological legislation and the requirements of which to provide for control by the Accounts Chamber, the National Bank of Ukraine, and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. At the same time the state regulatory requirements for the quality of pearls are not, just as there are no price lists for prices. Consequently, the legal relations of cultured pearls in the domestic market are practically unsettled, and this problem must be solved taking into account the foreign experience of market interstate relations. From the point of view of the forensic examination, the pearl is quite easy to identify, which allows you the problems to competently and quickly to solve facing the forensic expert. The certificates of origin and quality, which are usually attached when moving a stone across the border facilitate expert production. Amber is considered as the only gem in Ukraine and the extraction of which may be illegal. This leads to the illegal sale of raw materials, manufacturing of products, certification. Therefore, forensic gemological examination has complex tasks in determining the quality of raw materials, origin, pricing policy, certification.