Abstract
The present work is devoted to assessing the influence of discreteness of electric charge distribution in the double electric layer on the characteristics of the electric fields and their force action in capacitor structures with small interelectrode gaps. Due to the fact that modern technologies often use submicron-sized interelectrode gaps, it is no longer possible to consider the electrodes uniformly charged because of the discreteness of the electric charge. The corresponding development of a mathematical and physical model for the study of a non-uniform electric field is suggested. Numerical calculations are carried out, expressions, criteria, and results that are convenient for practical evaluations are obtained. The physical and mathematical model for force characteristics of a non-uniform electric field is developed. With a sufficiently small size of the interelectrode gap, the integral force effect of discretely distributed charges can be significantly higher than with a uniform distribution of the same charge. At reasonable surface charge densities, these phenomena are usually observed at interelectrode gaps less than tenths of a micrometer.
Highlights
Capacitor structures (CS) with small interelectrode gaps are the basis for a wide range of technical devices
Earlier we developed a model for calculating the ponderomotive pressure and the area of actual contact, taking into account the roughness of one of the contact surfaces [25], Figure 8
At submicron distances to the charged plane, the magnitude of the electric field strength and its force effect can be significantly higher than that calculated by the classical formulas
Summary
Capacitor structures (CS) with small interelectrode gaps are the basis for a wide range of technical devices. The principle of their operation, one way or another, is based on the use of an electric field (EF). If an electret is used as a source of electrical energy, the device may not consume electrical energy at all during operation; Constructive simplicity and relative cheapness of the corresponding devices. An example of such devices is electret microphones, the production of which in the world exceeds 90% of all microphones produced; Materials 2020, 13, 5669; doi:10.3390/ma13245669 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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