Features of Disorders of Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Transport System and Systemic Inflammation in Almost Healthy Women Depending on the Habit of Smoking

Abstract

Introduction. Smoking is one of the most aggressive risk factors for acute coronary heart disease (CHD), especially in women. The number of women smokers in Ukraine has tripled in the last 30 years. Women smokers, even with heavy smoking, are 7 times more likely to suffer from corticosteroids. The issues of the peculiarities of lipid metabolism disorders, lipid transport system and systemic inflammation in practically healthy women, depending on the smoking habit, have not been studied enough, and therefore are the aim of our study. The aim of the study. To find out the features of disorders of lipid metabolism, lipid transport system and systemic inflammation in almost healthy women, depending on the habit of smoking. Materials and methods. 75 women were involved to the study. Depending smoking habit, all subjects were divided into two groups: almost healthy women smokers (n = 45, mean age 52.78 ± 2.52 years) – experimental group (EG), almost healthy women non-smokers (n = 30, mean age 54.81 ± 3.21 years) – comparison group. To determine the peculiarities of the state of lipid metabolism, the state of the lipid transport system, the activity of systemic inflammation, all subjects were determined indicators of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), apolipoproteins A1 (ApoA1), apolipoproteins B (ApoB), calculated the ratio of ApoB / ApoA1, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (FB). Results. It was found that the content in the serum of cholesterol in almost half (48.89 %) of women with a habit of smoking, was greater than 4.50 mmol/l. The mean rate of total cholesterol among these individuals was 5.84 ± 0.05 mmol/l, which was significantly higher than in the cohort of comparison group women with total cholesterol more than 4.50 mmol/l who did not have a smoking habit. Similar trends were observed in the case of comparing the proportions of individuals with LDL cholesterol more than 3.00 mmol/l. In particular, this excess was registered in 31.11 % in women with smoking habit, which is significantly (1.33 times) higher than in women with the comparison group (23.33 %). In contrast, the proportion of surveyed women with a reduced less than 0.96 g/l ApoA1 in women with smoking habit was significantly 1.62 times higher than in the women from the comparison group (37.78 % vs. 23.33 %, p less than 0.05). Also, among these individuals, the average ApoA1 was lower in smokers than among non-smokers (0.91 ± 0.04 g/l vs. 0.96 ± 0.03 g/l, p less than 0.05). The calculation of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio showed a higher intensity of proatherogenic shift of the lipid spectrum in smokers. Female smokers percentage of persons with a CRP greater than 3.00 mg/ml was 13.34 %, which is twice as much (p less than 0.05) than in the group of non-smokers, in which there were 6 such persons, 6.67 %. Conclusions. Disorders of lipid metabolism, lipid transport system and systemic inflammation in women depending on the habit of smoking have their own characteristics – in women smokers, these disorders are significantly more severe than in women without smoking, and are atherogenic, namely: significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, cholesterol low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B transport proteins, apolipoprotein B / apolipoprotein A1 transport protein ratios, mean values of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, and lower levels of high-protein lipoprotein A1 protein and high protein lipoproteins.