Features of diagnosis and treatment of patients with unilateral retention of the second premolar

Abstract

Treatment of patients with dental retention is an urgent task of orthodontics.
 Aim: Determine the features of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of patients with unilateral retention of the second premolar due to premature removal of milk molars.
 Material and methods: 19 patients aged 14 to 19 years were examined and treated with unilateral retention of the second premolars after obtaining informed consent approved by the Ethics Committee. Methods of clinical examination generally accepted in dentistry with the analysis of anamnestic, radiological, biometric data were carried out. Biometrics of plaster models with asymmetrical arc shape was carried out on scaled (1:1) photographs with the application of the main landmarks on them.
 Results: Unilateral retention of the second premolar, due to premature removal of the second milk molar, as a rule, contributes to the formation of asymmetric dental arches with a deviation of their main parameters from the individual norm. The change in diagonal dimensions is due to the displacement of the canines and the first molars towards the defect. At the same time, on the side of the impacted tooth, there is a violation of the closure of pairs of antagonist teeth and a shift in the line of the aesthetic center by an average of (2.38 0.61) mm. The stages of treatment include, firstly, the creation of conditions for the eruption of the impacted tooth with the subsequent restoration of occlusive balance.
 Conclusion: Thus, the results of the study give us the basis for choosing methods for the diagnosis and treatment of asymmetric forms of dental arches caused by the retention of second premolars, which can be used in clinical orthodontics.