Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new coronavirus, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is currently spreading all over the world. In this paper, we developed a practical model for identifying the features of cytokine storm, which is common in acute infectious diseases and harmful manifestation of COVID-19, by distinguishing major and minor clinical events. This model is particularly suitable for identifying febrile and infectious diseases like COVID-19. Based on this model, features of cytokine storm and pathogenesis of COVID-19 have been proposed to be a consequence of the disequilibrated cytokine network resulting from increased biological activity of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which induces certain clinical manifestations such as fatigue, fever, dry cough, pneumonia, abatement and losing of olfactory, and taste senses in some patients. Research and clarification of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 will contribute to precision treatment. Various anti-TGF-β therapies may be explored as potential COVID-19 treatment. This novel model will be helpful in reducing the widespread mortality of COVID-19.
Highlights
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently spreading worldwide and contributing to widespread mortality
The mixed manifestations make the identification of cytokine storm and actual pathogenesis of COVID-19 extremely difficult
Based on the causal relationship between cytokines and manifestations, we developed a practical diagnostic model to identify the features of cytokine storm as a result of acute infectious diseases
Summary
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently spreading worldwide and contributing to widespread mortality. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, dry cough, abatement and losing of olfactory and taste senses. Patients with severe symptoms may experience dyspnea, hypoxemia, shock, and multiple organ failure [5, 6]. Cytokine Storm and COVID-19 Manifestations patch shadows and interstitial lesions on lung CT images. [2] Minor manifestations: fever, dry cough, abatement and losing of olfactory and taste senses, interstitial lung changes, and lymphopenia. The major and minor manifestations are directly caused by the disequilibrated cytokines of COVID-19. Patients with severe symptoms may display respiratory failure, shock, and multiple organ failure, as well as blood pressure reduction, poor peripheral perfusion, and so on. The mixed manifestations make the identification of cytokine storm and actual pathogenesis of COVID-19 extremely difficult
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