Features of Cu and TiO2 in the flow of engine oil subject to thermal jump conditions

Sohail Ahmad,Kashif Ali,Nargis Khan,C. Ahamed Saleel,T. M. Yunus Khan,Aftab Ahmed Faridi,Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar,Wasim Jamshed

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99045-x

Abstract

The recent work investigates the heat transfer attributes in the flow of engine oil which comprises of nano-particles such as Cu and TiO2. The performance of Copper and Titanium oxide is over looked in the flow of engine oil. The energy equation is amended by the features of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and heat generation. The mathematical model signifies the porosity, entropy generation and moving flat horizontal surface with the non-uniform stretching velocity. Quasi-linearization, which is a persuasive numerical technique to solve the complex coupled differential equations, is used to acquire the numerical solution of the problem. Flow and heat transfer aspects of Cu–TiO2 in the flow are examined against the preeminent parameters. The flow is significantly affected by the thermal jump conditions and porous media. It is observed here that the temperature as well as heat transport rate is reduced with the effect of involved preeminent parameters. However, such fluids must be used with caution in applications where a control on the heat transfer is required. We may conclude that the recent study will provide assistance in thermal cooling systems such as engine and generator cooling, nuclear system cooling, aircraft refrigeration system, and so forth.

Highlights

The recent work investigates the heat transfer attributes in the flow of engine oil which comprises of nano-particles such as Cu and TiO2
The demanding usages of such heat transferring fluids in the industries motivated the researchers to work on the improvement of thermal conductivity of these fluids with a view to reduce the cost and to save the energy consumptions
With the passage of time, the experimental data revealed the fact that such type of unassertive mixing of solid particles to base fluid caused the sedimentation and precipitation to the flow field, which in turn, reduced the thermal conductivity rate

Summary

Introduction

The recent work investigates the heat transfer attributes in the flow of engine oil which comprises of nano-particles such as Cu and TiO2. Masuda et al.[1] analyzed the behavior of solid particles dispersion into the working fluid taking powdered form of Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2 with pure water as a base fluid They detected a notable escalation in the thermal conductivity but the precipitation of solid particles in the flow field has been encountered during the analysis. Sajadi and Kazemi[11] reflected the characteristics of T iO2 nanofluids, Ghazvini et al.[12] taken into consideration the diamond-engine oil nanofluids, Ferrouillat et al.[13] incorporated water–silica ( SiO2/H2O) nanofluids All these studies reveal that the rate of thermal conductivity goes on increasing with the addition of various nanoparticles to the base fluids

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Results

Conclusion