Features of cobuvirus infection of farm animals

Abstract

Data on the cobuvirus causing outbreaks of diseases in humans and animals, on the clinical signs of the disease and the distribution area are presented in the article. Literature data indicate that since the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, cases of cobuvirus infection have been registered, manifested by massive gastrointestinal diseases in humans, as well as young animals: large horned cattle, sheep, goats, roe deer, pigs (domestic and wild), rabbits, dogs, foxes, bats, ferrets and birds (European roller (Coracias garrulus)). Cobuvirus was found in feces and blood serum samples taken from diseased animals. Cobuvirus infection causes the greatest damage to pig and cattle breeding worldwide. The results of phylogenetic analysis of the genome of kobuvirus strains indicate the genetic diversity of the virus strains. The data of phylogenetic analysis of the genome of cobuviruses (Aichivirus) served as the basis for the classification of strains of cobuvirus into six species. Interspecies transmission of cobuviruses poses a threat of widespread spread of the pathogen. The main route of transmission of cobuvirus is the fecal-oral route, through infected feed and water. Zoonotic infection is evidenced by interspecific transmission of bovine cobuvirus to pigs and vice versa. It is believed that mutations and recombinations have contributed to the high level of genetic diversity of the cobuvirus and serve as a driving force in its evolution. Presented data indicate the need for comprehensive studies of cobuvirus infection, which will be useful for further understanding the pathogenicity, genetic heterogeneity, interspecies transmission and global spread of cobuviruses.