Abstract
The formation of large urban agglomerations makes possible to ensure more rational use of productive resources and increase labor productivity. Large cities, as a rule, have developed infrastructure and educational sector. However, there is a difficult ecological situation in many large cities. With a large scale of the city, transport accessibility is seriously complicated. From the viewpoint of favorable habitat, good ecological conditions, small and medium-sized cities often benefit from urban agglomerations. In the Russian Federation, due to the dominance of raw materials industries and the underdevelopment of local industry, small and medium-sized cities are in decline. This predetermines the need to develop special measures to support such territorial entities. The study is based on the generalization of data on the change in the ecological situation in large cities and the impact of atmospheric air pollution on the quality of life of the population. In the framework of the study, the conclusion was substantiated about the expediency of carrying out special measures aimed at improving the ecological situation in large cities and developing measures to support small and medium-sized cities. The recommendations for stimulating the development of production in small and medium-sized cities are grounded. The results of the study can find applications in the practice of regional management.
Highlights
From the viewpoint of favorable habitat, good ecological conditions, small and medium-sized cities often benefit from urban agglomerations
In the Russian Federation, due to the dominance of raw materials industries and the underdevelopment of local industry, small and medium-sized cities are in decline
The study is based on the generalization of data on the change in the ecological situation in large cities and the impact of atmospheric air pollution on the quality of life of the population
Summary
Экология и экономика: сокращение загрязнения атмосферы страны. – АЦ при Правительстве РФ, август 2017. Фиксировались практически аналогичные данные: в 138 городах Российской Федерации (57% городского населения) уровень загрязнения атмосферного воздуха оценивался как высокий и очень высокий[7]. Ситуация изменилась: по данным Росгидромета, в 51 городе (24% городов, в которых велся регулярный мониторинг состояния атмосферного воздуха) уровень загрязнения атмосферы характеризовался как высокий или очень высокий. В 2015 году высокую и очень высокую степень загрязнения атмосферного воздуха Росгидромет отмечал в 44 городах, где проживало 17,1 млн человек (17% городского населения России). Как и в докладе за 2014 г., акцентировалось внимание на том, что сокращение числа городов с высоким уровнем загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в значительной степени было обусловлено изменением норм ПДК по формальдегиду. Как показывается в Государственном докладе, за пять лет количество городов в Приоритетном списке уменьшилось на 16, но, с учетом прежнего значения ПДКс.с.
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