Abstract
Studies were carried out on ordinary carbonate chernozems under winter wheat. No-till technology is applied on more than 200 thousand ha in the Central Ciscaucasia. There are features in the application of this technology related to the composition, properties of chernozems and weather conditions of the territory. An increase in the content of nitrogen (by 20–25 mg kg-1) and phosphorus (by 4–6 mg kg-1) in the soil was established as a result of the use of No-till compared to plowing for 5 years. The study revealed an increase in the amount of soil microflora: ammonifiers by 2.5-2.7 times; nitrifying agents by 2.8-3.0 times; nitrogen fixing agents of the genus Azotobacter by 4.5-7.0 times; cellulose-destroying microorganisms by 10-12 times in a layer of 0-20 cm of soil. In the seasonal cycle, the largest number of microbes was in the flowering phase of wheat, and the smallest in the spring at the beginning of the growing season. Winter wheat yields during the observation period averaged to 4.61 t/ha for plowing and increased due to the proposed technology up to 5.34 t/ha. The quality of the products (protein, gluten, grain weight) did not change significantly. Calculations of economic efficiency showed that the level of profitability when using No-till technology is 68-72%, and when plowing it is reduced by 25-30%. Profit from 1 ha was 17-18 thousand rubles against 8-10 thousand rubles, respectively
Highlights
No-till technology has spread in the North Caucasus region
Ashby medium was used for nitrogen-fixing aerobic microorganisms, meatpeptone agar (MPA) was used for ammonifiers, starch-ammonia agar (KAA) for nitrifying agents, and Chapek-Dox medium was used for micromycetes
The result was expressed in colony forming units (CFU) per dry soil weight
Summary
No-till technology has spread in the North Caucasus region. In the Stavropol Territory, about 200 thousand ha is used in this technology [1,2]. Many researchers argue that the use of No-till technology improves the physical properties of soils, water properties, and nutrient content [3,4,5,6]. It is argued that this technology is able to increase the number of soil microorganisms and creates a more favorable phytosanitary background [7,8]. No-till technology is used in many regions of Russia and has both supporters and opponents of its implementation and development. The question of its comprehensive study and justification of the need for implementation in various conditions arises especially urgently [9,10]
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