Abstract
The article examines the normative definition of the concept of «profit» and clarifies its various interpretations. A critical assessment of the essence of the characterized definition in scientific publications is made and the inconsistency of the terminological apparatus is determined. Different approaches to the interpretation of profit is explained by the fact that this category is defined from different points of view: from an economic, financial and accounting point of view. The functions of profit and its current role in financial support of business entities are revealed. Incounting the research of scientists and the essence of regulations, our own interpretation of profit is proposed, which makes it possible to consider it as a result of activities that balance economic, social and environmental interests. The structure of tax revenues to the consolidated state budget of Ukraine is presented and it is determined that the income tax is one of the three main budget- forming taxes. It turned out that the essence of the income tax is currently distorted, it is no longer «fair», and its fiscal efficiency is quite low. The main elements of the income tax are considered, taxpayers from residents and non-residents are singled out, the base and rates are characterized, the calculation mechanism is substantiated. It is noted about the peculiarities of determining the amount of income tax, taking into account adjustments to the financial result, determined according to the accounting data, for the tax differences. It is proved that accounting, as an important element of the economic system, provides information needs of enterprise management, including in terms of tax calculations. The accounting reflection of temporary differences that arise in tax calculations, when determining the tax base of income tax is shown. It is noted that the accounting of income tax is carried out by two methods, taking into account the need to reflect tax differences and the right to refuse to adjust the result on the difference. Taking into account the research, the method of accounting for income tax calculations is substantiated.
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