Abstract
Geological studies have been performed using the Band Ratios (BR), Relative Band Depth (RBD), Mineral Indices (MI), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), lithological and mineral classification techniques from Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) and Thermal Infrared (TIR) data. The chapter aims to delineate various geological units present in the area using the combination of SWIR and TIR ASTER bands through the Feature-Oriented Principal Component Selection (FPCS) technique. Different BRs and RBDs were applied to map the minerals having Al-OH and Mg-OH compounds with the chemical composition of clay (kaolinite, smectite), mica (sericite, muscovite, illite), ultramafic (lizardite, antigorite, chrysotile), talc, and carbonate (dolomite) from SWIR bands. The MI was used to map quartz-rich, mafic/ultramafic, and carbonate rocks using TIR bands. The BRs, RBDs, and MIs mapped the geological units but every single greyscale image showed a variety of features. To compile these features False Color Composite (FCC) was prepared by the combination of RBDs and MIs in the R:G:B channels which demarked various geological units to a larger extent present in the region. To overcome the limitation, the FPCS technique was applied with the integration of all BRs, RBDs, and MIs. The FPCS technique extracts valuable information from different input bands and shifts the information in the first few bands. The generated eigenvalues and eigenvectors represented the retrieved information in the specific band. The loadings of the eigenvector were used for the selection of the different brands to create the FCC for the delineation of geological strata. The best discrimination was made by the selection of FPCS1, FPCS3, and FPCS6 which differentiated all the geological units like ultramafics, dolomites, thin bands of talc, and muscovite and illite (as phyllite and mica-schist), silica-rich rocks (as quartzite), and granite outcrops.
Highlights
Water and land are the major components of the Earth’s surface out of which only 29%Remote Sensing are occupied by the land surfaces
On applying Band Ratio (BR) 7/5, almost the entire region depicted higher values for kaolinite (Al-OH) which is indicative of a poor interpretation (Figure 4C)
The Relative Band Depth (RBD) (5 + 8)/6 gave a similar kind of result like BR 7/6
Summary
Water (oceans, rivers, lakes, etc.) and land (rocky mountains, hills, peneplain, islands, etc.) are the major components of the Earth’s surface out of which only 29%. Remote Sensing are occupied by the land surfaces This 29% land coverage included the forest, desert, mountains, islands, etc. Sometimes manually collected data may have errors due to inaccessibility and recording of the data which exaggerate in due course To avoid these errors and corrections introduced therein an advanced technology came into the picture and is known as Remote Sensing. This technique helps in the mapping of the different litho-units and associated structural features with higher accuracy in a short period as compared to the traditional methods
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