Featured article: Management of human-crocodile conflict in the Northern Territory, Australia: Review of crocodile attacks and removal of problem crocodiles

Abstract

We reviewed the historical records of attacks by saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) and the removal of problem saltwater crocodiles in the Northern Territory of Australia. Between 1977 and 2013, 5,792 problem crocodiles were removed, of which 69.04% were males and 83.01% were caught within the Darwin Crocodile Management Zone where suitable breeding habitats were hardly available. The most common size class was 150–200 cm and their mean size did not change significantly over years. This reflected the greater mobility of juvenile males as the majority of problem crocodiles, dispersing from core habitats that were occupied by dominant individuals. Eighteen fatal attacks and 45 non-fatal attacks occurred between 1971 and 2013. The rate of crocodile attacks, particularly non-fatal cases, increased over time. This increase was strongly related to the increasing populations of both humans and crocodiles, and the increasing proportion of larger (>180 cm) crocodiles. The management of human-crocodile conflict (HCC) should incorporate both human (e.g., public education and safety awareness) and crocodile (e.g., population monitoring, removal of problem crocodiles) components. Crocodiles in the 300–350-cm class were most responsible for attacks, and they should be strategically targeted as the most likely perpetrator. Approximately 60% of attacks occurred around population centers including remote communities. Problem crocodile capture and attacks both peak in the beginning (Sep–Dec) and end (Mar–Apr) of the wet season. However, fatal attacks occurred almost all year around. Attacks by crocodiles >400 cm often resulted in death of the victim (73.33%). Local and male victims were much more common than visitors and females, respectively. The most common activity of victims was swimming and wading. Despite the increasing rate of attacks over time, the Northern Territory's management program, and in particular the removal of problem crocodiles from urban areas, is considered to have reduced potential HCC. Public education about crocodile awareness and risks must be maintained. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.