Feature-Tracking Global Longitudinal Strain Predicts Death in a Multicenter Population of Patients With Ischemic and Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Incremental to Ejection Fraction and Late Gadolinium Enhancement

Abstract

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature-tracking–derived global longitudinal strain (GLS) in a large multicenter population of patients with ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. BackgroundDirect assessment of myocardial fiber deformation with GLS using echocardiography or CMR feature tracking has shown promise in providing prognostic information incremental to ejection fraction (EF) in single-center studies. Given the growing use of CMR for assessing persons with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, we hypothesized that feature-tracking–derived GLS may provide independent prognostic information in a multicenter population of patients with ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. MethodsConsecutive patients at 4 U.S. medical centers undergoing CMR with EF <50% and ischemic or nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy were included in this study. Feature-tracking GLS was calculated from 3 long-axis cine-views. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to examine the association between GLS and death. Incremental prognostic value of GLS was assessed in nested models. ResultsOf the 1,012 patients in this study, 133 died during median follow-up of 4.4 years. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, the risk of death increased significantly with worsening GLS tertiles (log-rank p < 0.0001). Each 1% worsening in GLS was associated with an 89.1% increased risk of death after adjustment for clinical and imaging risk factors including EF and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (hazard ratio [HR]:1.891 per %; p < 0.001). Addition of GLS in this model resulted in significant improvement in the C-statistic (0.628 to 0.867; p < 0.0001). Continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) was 1.148 (95% confidence interval: 0.996 to 1.318). GLS was independently associated with death after adjustment for clinical and imaging risk factors (including EF and late gadolinium enhancement) in both ischemic (HR: 1.942 per %; p < 0.001) and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy subgroups (HR: 2.101 per %; p < 0.001). ConclusionsCMR feature-tracking–derived GLS is a powerful independent predictor of mortality in a multicenter population of patients with ischemic or nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, incremental to common clinical and CMR risk factors including EF and LGE.