Feature Extraction From Underwater Signals Using Time-Frequency Warping Operators

Abstract

Processing marine-mammal signals for passive oceanic acoustic tomography or species classification and monitoring are problems that have recently attracted attention in scientific literature. For these purposes, it is necessary to use a method which could be able to extract the useful information about the processed data, knowing that the underwater environment is highly nonstationary. In this context, time-frequency (TF) or time-scale methods constitute a potential approach. Practically, it has been observed that the majority of TF structures of the marine-mammal signals are highly nonlinear. This fact affects dramatically the performances achieved by the Cohen's class methods, these methods being efficient in the presence of linear TF structures. Fortunately, thanks to the warping operator principle, it is possible to generate other class of time-frequency representations (TFRs). The new TFRs may analyze nonlinear chirp signals better than Cohen's class does. In spite of its mathematical elegance, this principle is limited in real applications by two major elements. First, as we will see, its implementation leads to a considerable growth of the signal length. Consequently, from operational point of view, this principle is limited to short synthetic signals. Second, the design of a single warping operator can be inappropriate if the analyzed signal is multicomponent. Furthermore, the choice of "adapted" warping operator becomes a problem when the signal components have different TF behaviors. In this paper, we propose a processing method of marine-mammal signals, well adapted to a real passive underwater context. The method tries to overcome the two aforementioned limitations. Also, the first step consists in data size reducing by the detection of the TF regions of interests (ROIs). Furthermore, in each ROI, a technique which combines some typical warping operators is used. The result is an analytical characterization of the instantaneous frequency laws (IFLs) of signal components. The simulations on real underwater data show the performances of this method in comparison with classical ones