Abstract
This contribution firstly proposed the concept of annual average power generation hours and analyzed per capita energy consumption, carbon emission, and the human development index from a macro perspective. On this basis, we compared the average household electrical energy consumption of urban and rural residents based on the data from CGSS-2015 from a micro perspective. The results show the positive correlation between carbon emissions per capita and the human development index and China’s regional imbalance characteristics between household electricity consumption and renewable energy distribution. Therefore, the distributed energy supply system is proposed as an effective complement to centralized power generation systems and is the key to synergizing human development and carbon emissions in China. Moreover, we analyzed the characteristics of distributed energy supply systems in the context of existing energy supply systems, pointing out the need to fully use solar energy and natural gas. Finally, two types of typical distributed energy supply systems are proposed for satisfying the household energy requirements in remote or rural areas of western and the eastern or coastal areas of China, respectively. Two typical distributed energy systems integrate high-efficiency energy conversion, storage, and transfer devices such as electric heat pumps, photovoltaic thermal, heat and electricity storage, and fuel cells.
Highlights
Background and StatusTo fight against climate warming and environmental pollution, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality have become the main energy development strategies worldwide
Inimproving the context of carbon neutrality, making fullTo use of renewable is key to the carbon neutrality constraint, effectively reducing household energy consumption and further improving China’s human development index
This contribution analyzed the proportion of installed capacity of thermal, hydropower, search obtained some conclusions nuclear, wind, and photovoltaic and firstly of proposed and calculated the annualhydro(1) This contribution analyzedpower, the proportion installed capacity of thermal, average power generation utilization, annual per capita power generation, carbon power, nuclear, wind, and photovoltaic power, and firstly proposed and calculated the emission, and human development index in China in the past four decades, and annual average power generation utilization, annual per capita power generation, carbon concluded the positive correlation between energy consumption, carbon emission and social development from a macro perspective
Summary
To fight against climate warming and environmental pollution, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality have become the main energy development strategies worldwide. For the development of the integrated energy system, many studies have explored carbon peaking and carbon-neutral pathways in energy use from technical, economic, and social perspectives [4,5,6,7]. Bao et al [11] proposed a classification method for renewable energy-led distributed energy supply models They provided an integrated economic and environmental evaluation model and concluded that the biomass waste-based supply model could achieve “zero” carbon emissions and “zero” energy consumption. The above existing research on distributed energy supply systems has been carried out from various aspects such as system energy source, process construction, operation strategy, economic evaluation, and application scenarios. Developed a questionnaire survey to investigate and evaluate the carbon emissions of household energy consumption and analyzed the influence factors, including residential consumption, housing conditions, daily travel distance, etc
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