Feasibility study using multifocal Doppler twinkling artifacts to detect suspicious microcalcifications in ex vivo specimens of breast cancer on US

Jinbum Kang,Ilseob Song,Ga Ram Kim,Yangmo Yoo,Min Jung Kim,Kang-Sik Kim,Vivian Youngjean Park,Se Jin Nam,Jung Hyun Yoon,Won Seuk Jang,Kanghee Han

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06939-5

Abstract

Multifocal Doppler twinkling artifact (MDTA) imaging has shown high detection rates of microcalcifications in phantom studies. We aimed to evaluate its performance in detecting suspicious microcalcifications in comparison with mammography by using ex vivo breast cancer specimens. We prospectively included ten women with breast cancer that presented with calcifications on mammography. Both digital specimen mammography and MDTA imaging were performed for ex vivo breast cancer specimens on the day of surgery. Five breast radiologists marked cells that included suspicious microcalcifications (referred to as ‘positive cell’) on specimen mammographic images using a grid of 5-mm cells. Cells that were marked by at least three readers were considered as ‘consensus-positive’. Matched color Doppler twinkling artifact (CDTA) signals were compared between reconstructed US-MDTA projection images and mammographic images. The median detection rate for each case was 74.7% for positive cells and 96.7% for consensus-positive cells. Of the 10 cases, 90% showed a detection rate of ≥ 80%, with 50% of cases showing a 100% detection rate for consensus-positive cells. The proposed MDTA imaging method showed high performance for detecting suspicious microcalcifications in ex vivo breast cancer specimens, and may be a feasible approach for detecting suspicious breast microcalcifications with US.

Highlights

Screening mammography is currently the only imaging modality proven to reduce breast cancer-associated mortality, contributing to a 40% reduction in mortality since its introduction in the United S tates[1]
We developed a new microcalcification detection technique using real-time multifocal Doppler twinkling artifact (MDTA) imaging, and reported comparable detection rates for microcalcifications compared to mammography in phantom s tudies[11]
Various studies have suggested that twinkling artifacts on color Doppler and power Doppler imaging can be used effectively to detect calcification[7], only a few studies have investigated twinkling artifacts in breast microcalcifications[9, 10]

Summary

Introduction

Screening mammography is currently the only imaging modality proven to reduce breast cancer-associated mortality, contributing to a 40% reduction in mortality since its introduction in the United S tates[1]. Such benefits are primarily attributed to its ability to detect early cancer that manifests as calcifications. We developed a new microcalcification detection technique using real-time multifocal Doppler twinkling artifact (MDTA) imaging, and reported comparable detection rates for microcalcifications compared to mammography in phantom s tudies[11]. We conducted a reader study using ex vivo breast cancer specimens and aimed to evaluate the performance of real-time MDTA imaging compared to mammography for detecting suspicious microcalcifications

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Conclusion