Abstract
Shading design to optimize daylighting is in many cases achieved through a designer’s sense based on prior knowledge and experience. However, computer-assisted parametric techniques can be utilized for daylighting design in an easy and much more accurate way. If such tools are utilized in the early stages of a project, this can be more effective for sustainable design. This study compares the conventional approach, which depends on a designer’s sense of judgment to create optimal indoor lighting conditions by adjusting louver shapes and window patterns, with the approach of making use of genetic algorithms. Ultimately, this study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of those two approaches. As a starting point, 30 designers were instructed to design a facade by manually adjusting several input parameters of shading. The parameters govern six kinds of louver and window types, with the ratio of analysis grid surface area achieving a daylight factor of 2%–5%. Secondly, input parameters were automatically created by using genetic algorithm optimization methods to find optimal fitness data. As a conclusion, conventional approaches result in a strong disposition toward designing certain shading types represented by linear relationships. Computer-assisted daylight simulation can help influence this, being effective when dealing with a large amount of data and non-linear relationships.
Highlights
The importance of sustainability in green building design is increasing
About 70% of all energy usage is consumed in urban areas, and lighting alone takes up around 15% of total building energy consumption [1,2,3]
An effective facade shading design should contribute to the creation of such an environment that will reduce building energy expenditure and optimize daylight distribution [6,7,8]
Summary
The importance of sustainability in green building design is increasing. About 70% of all energy usage is consumed in urban areas, and lighting alone takes up around 15% of total building energy consumption [1,2,3]. In order to achieve low-energy design, environmental engineers sometimes support the design by mathematical analysis Their involvement is often requested later in the design process. Some simulation programs provide parametric methods or algorithms for optimization, which can help to find optimal solutions in a faster and easier way. Several pieces of research-related optimization techniques for transparent building facades [16] and genetic algorithms for design variables [17] show that those techniques can be an effective way to harmonize design and energy fields. Other related research on energy performance of a building envelope and optimization of an engine or heat exchanger’s performance successfully adopts an optimization genetic algorithm [22,23,24], demonstrating how the application of a computer-aided algorithm has very important potential in architectural design. The proposed solutions can be tested on both a conventional envelope design as well as a computer-aided one, such as with Delaunay and Voronoi screens
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