Abstract
BackgroundAcupuncture treatments that regulate the heart are used to treat various clinical disorders and conditions. Although many studies have been conducted to measure quantitatively the effects of acupuncture, thus far, models that describe these effects have not been established. The purpose of this study was to derive a transfer function model of acupuncture stimulation within the electrocardiograms based on the periods before, during, and after acupuncture.MethodsFourteen healthy subjects were included in this clinical trial. Five-minute electrocardiograms were captured before, during, and after acupuncture at HT7. For each period, signal-averaged electrocardiograms were created from all of the subjects’ 5-min electrocardiograms for that period. Individual transfer functions, which has the highest average goodness of fit, were derived for each period pair. By averaging individual transfer functions, generalized transfer functions were derived.ResultsThe transfer function with the highest average goodness of fit was a fraction with 4th order numerator and 5th order denominator. Fourteen individual transfer functions were derived separately for each pair of periods: before and during acupuncture, during and after acupuncture, and before and after acupuncture. Three generalized transfer functions were derived by averaging individual transfer functions for each period pair.ConclusionThe three generalized transfer functions that were derived may reflect the electrocardiogram changes caused by acupuncture. However, this clinical trial included only 14 subjects. Further studies with control groups and more subjects are needed.This clinical trial has been registered on the Clinical Research Information Service, Republic of Korea (No. KCT0001944). The first enrolment of subject started at 2 June 2015 and this trial was retrospectively registered at 14 June 2016
Highlights
Acupuncture treatments that regulate the heart are used to treat various clinical disorders and conditions
There is no known system model that can describe the ECG changes caused by acupuncture stimulation
individual transfer function (TF) (ITF) were derived from Before and during acupuncture (BDA), During and after acupuncture (DAA), and Before and after acupuncture (BAA) single averaged ECG (SAECG) pairs
Summary
Acupuncture treatments that regulate the heart are used to treat various clinical disorders and conditions. Many studies have been conducted to measure quantitatively the effects of acupuncture, far, models that describe these effects have not been established. To measure effects of acupuncture quantitatively, many studies were conducted by using blood tests, positron emission tomography (PET) [7, 8], functional MRI (fMRI) [9,10,11,12], or heart rate variability (HRV) [13, 14]. Acupuncture can reduce heart rate and change HRV by activating the parasympathetic nervous system in the ANS [15, 16]. These previous studies lacked quantitative assessments and specific models to describe changes. In mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, when a known system model is not available, a system
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