Abstract
The present technology of acoustic underwater communication is a legacy of technology that provides low data rate transmission for medium range communication. In addition the speed of acoustic waves in the ocean is approximately 1500 m/sec so that long range communication involves high latency which poses a problem for a real time response and synchronization. In addition acoustic waves could distress marine mammals such as dolphins and whales. So the acoustic technology needs high data rate communication networks in real time. The growing need for underwater observation and subsea monitoring systems has stimulated considerable interest in advancing the enabling technologies of underwater wireless communication and underwater sensor networks. This communication technology is expected to play an important role in investigating climate change, in monitoring biological, biogeochemical, evolutionary and ecological changes in the sea, ocean and lake environments and in helping to control and maintain oil production facilities and harbours using unmanned underwater vehicles UUVs, submarines, ships, buoys and divers.
Highlights
Underwater optical communications are being considered for a verity of applications in littoral waters
If we model the ocean air surface as smooth θ = θi and we can derive the link budget by using the variable defined in LOS
From the above analysis we conclude the LOS link gives less bit error rate when compared with other links
Summary
Underwater optical communications are being considered for a verity of applications in littoral waters. Wireless under water data communication employs acoustic waves. The acoustic communication channel has less bandwidth, it can only handle a relatively low bit rate.
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