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Abstract
Both activated sludge/contact aeration (AS/CA) and AS-only systems for treating oil-containing domestic sewage were tested. The results of these tests indicate that the oil and grease removal ratios of the AS/CA system exceeded those of the AS-only system. When the influent oil and grease concentration reached 60 mg/L, the effluent concentration of the AS system was 13 mg/L, which exceed 10 mg/L, the Taiwan Effluent Standard for oil and grease. However, in the AS/CA system, the effluent oil and grease concentration was 8 mg/L, which was below the required standard. This study analyzes the biological phases of the AS-only system and the combined AS/CA system using a scanning electronic microscope and a denatured gradient gel electrophoresis method when the inflow concentration of oil and grease is increased to 120 mg/L. The results of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) experiment reveal that the AS/CA system is affected less than the AS system, and the COD removal rate of the AS/CA system is maintained at 81%, which exceeds that (61.5%) of the AS-only system. The analytical results thus obtained suggest that both the amounts of biological phase and the biomass in the combined AS/CA system exceed those of an AS-only system.
Highlights
In the last decade, a breakthrough in molecular biotechnology has enabled the extraction of DNA of microorganisms using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique
Oxygen Demand (COD) experiment reveal that the activated sludge/contact aeration (AS/CA) system is affected less than the activated sludge (AS) system, and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal rate of the AS/CA system is maintained at 81%, which exceeds that (61.5%) of the AS-only system
The quantity of the DNA of microorganisms can increase by the PCR technique, and the DNAs in different microorganisms can be separated by the denatured gradient gel glectrophoresis (DGGE) technique, making the analysis of the biodiversity of those microorganisms feasible [1]
Summary
A breakthrough in molecular biotechnology has enabled the extraction of DNA of microorganisms using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The method is based on the fact that each bacterium has DNA; its RNSs are unstable and difficult to measure. Traditional biological treatment has the advantage of low operation and maintenance costs, it requires a large place for facilities, and the activated sludge (AS) method can be utilized to treat up to only 30 mg/L of oil and grease [3]. The activated sludge/contact aeration (AS/CA) system combines the suspended microbes and the attached microbes to provide a long food chain and complex biophase
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