Abstract
Food resources are limited in arid countries such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE); the salinity of the groundwater, together with a lack of natural fresh water sources and arable land, force the country to import most of its food. However, seaweed could play an important role in providing a locally available food resource, as it does not require fresh water and arable land to grow. The traditional use of several seaweed species as food sources has been documented in Asia and the Americas, where their nutritional composition has been well reported. Although the UAE’s aquatic environment is quite harsh due to high water salinity (over 40 g/L) and high surface water temperatures (over 35 °C), its native seaweed species could play a role as a food source in this arid region, thereby bolstering the country’s level of food security. To evaluate its potential in this context, fresh samples of the native Ulva intestinalis seaweed were collected in the shallow waters of Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE. These samples were calculated to contain 34.38 ± 0.24 kcal, with a biomass composition of 5.185 ± 0.04% carbohydrate, 3.32 ± 0.14% protein, and 0.04 ± 0.01% fat (by dry matter). Of all the minerals present in the biomass, potassium had the highest concentration (7947 ± 319.5 ppm), followed by magnesium (3075.9 ± 1357 ppm) and sodium (756.3 ± 478 ppm). The water-soluble vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, and C were below the detection limit in the samples. The rich concentration of essential minerals such as potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc in Ulva intestinalis makes it a promising novel food source. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental study to examine the feasibility of using seaweed that is native to the UAE as a nutritional and sustainable food source in order to address the challenge of food security currently being faced by the country.
Highlights
IntroductionWater, and energy are essential elements for a society’s development. Lack of food resources is a growing concern for many nations, where access to food is restricted due to, for example, geo-environmental and geopolitical factors
Food, water, and energy are essential elements for a society’s development
The nutritional and mineral compositions of the native green seaweed Ulva intestinalis, which grows in the coastal areas of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), were studied and compared with those of dates, due to the prevalence of dates as a local food source in this country
Summary
Water, and energy are essential elements for a society’s development. Lack of food resources is a growing concern for many nations, where access to food is restricted due to, for example, geo-environmental and geopolitical factors. These aquatic conditions are quite harsh compared to those in which seaweed is grown in East Asian aquatic environments—the salinity and temperature of eastern Chinese waters are reported to be around 34.71 g/L and 25.7 ◦ C, respectively Due to these comparatively harsh conditions exhibited by the waters of the Arabian Gulf, the edibility of UAE native seaweed is still yet to be explored [12]. The nutritional and mineral compositions of the native green seaweed Ulva intestinalis, which grows in the coastal areas of the UAE, were studied and compared with those of dates, due to the prevalence of dates as a local food source in this country
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