Abstract
Recently, the total variation (TV) algorithm has been used for noise reduction distribution in degraded nuclear medicine images. To acquire positron emission tomography (PET) to correct the attenuation region in the PET/magnetic resonance (MR) system, the MR Dixon pulse sequence, which is based on controlled aliasing in parallel imaging, results from higher acceleration (CAIPI; MR-ACDixon-CAIPI) and generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA; MR-ACDixon-GRAPPA) algorithms are used. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the image performance of the TV noise reduction algorithm for PET/MR images using the Jaszczak phantom by injecting 18F radioisotopes with PET/MR, which is called mMR (Siemens, Germany), compared with conventional noise-reduction techniques such as Wiener and median filters. The contrast-to-noise (CNR) and coefficient of variation (COV) were used for quantitative analysis. Based on the results, PET images with the TV algorithm were improved by approximately 7.6% for CNR and decreased by approximately 20.0% for COV compared with conventional noise-reduction techniques. In particular, the image quality for the MR-ACDixon-CAIPI PET image was better than that of the MR-ACDixon-GRAPPA PET image. In conclusion, the TV noise-reduction algorithm is efficient for improving the PET image quality in PET/MR systems.
Highlights
Medical imaging in nuclear medicine plays an important role in acquiring functional information about patients using positron emission tomography (PET) with various radioisotopes [1,2]
The magnetic resonance (MR) magnetic field can interrupt the normal operation of the photomultiplier tube (PMT) and cause artifacts related to eddy currents [6,7]
The PET images based on the MR pulse sequences were develo5pofe1d0 using grated PET/MR system, and there have been many studies that attempted to impr image quality [34,35]
Summary
Medical imaging in nuclear medicine plays an important role in acquiring functional information about patients using positron emission tomography (PET) with various radioisotopes [1,2]. The development of hybrid scanners, that is, PET/computed tomography (CT) or PET/magnetic resonance (MR), is helpful in obtaining functional and anatomic information simultaneously. A PET/MR scanner was developed by separating PET and MR based on sequential imaging because the magnetic fields use in MR distort the gamma signal [5]. The MR magnetic field can interrupt the normal operation of the photomultiplier tube (PMT) and cause artifacts related to eddy currents [6,7]. Integrated PET/MR, which combines both PET and MR scanners, has been achieved by replacing the PMTs with avalanche photodiodes (APDs) [8,9]. Torigian et al reported that integrated PET/MR imaging is more powerful than PET, PET/CT, or MRI alone [10]
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