Abstract
The feasibility of using polymer-assisted ultrafiltration for brackish water softening, i.e. the removal of Na +, K +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Cl −, NO 3 −, and SO 4 2− from water, was studied. Three weakly basic, cationic water-soluble polymers chitosan, poly(ethylenimine), and poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) were selected. The membranes Amicon YM10, YM30 (regenerated cellulose), and PM10 (polysulfone) were used. Experiments were performed as a function of solution pH. It was shown that the removal of divalent Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ was more efficient than that of univalent Na + and K +. In addition, the rejection of anions decreased in the order NO 3 −>Cl −>SO 4 2−. Finally, the fouling of membranes during filtration was analyzed by conventional cake filtration theory taking into account incompressible or compressible nature of the deposited cake.
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