Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects a lot of people worldwide. Current treatment for OA mainly focuses on halting or slowing down the disease progress and to improve the patient’s quality of life and functionality. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a new treatment modality with the potential to promote regeneration of worn cartilage. Traditionally, foetal bovine serum (FBS) is used to expand the chondrocytes. However, the use of FBS is not ideal for the expansion of cells mean for clinical applications as it possesses the risk of animal pathogen transmission and animal protein transfer to host. Human platelet lysate (HPL) appears to be a suitable alternative to FBS as it is rich in biological factors that enhance cell proliferation. Thus far, HPL has been found to be superior in promoting chondrocyte proliferation compared to FBS. However, both HPL and FBS cannot prevent chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Discrepant results have been reported for the maintenance of chondrocyte redifferentiation potential by HPL. These differences are likely due to the diversity in the HPL preparation methods. In the future, more studies on HPL need to be performed to develop a standardized technique which is capable of producing HPL that can maintain the chondrocyte redifferentiation potential reproducibly. This review discusses the in vitro expansion of chondrocytes with FBS and HPL, focusing on its capability to promote the proliferation and maintain the chondrogenic characteristics of chondrocytes.
Highlights
Having to go through daily chores and activities can be very stressful when the joints involved in daily locomotion cannot move as smoothly as it should and causing pain
We have reported the preparation of Human platelet lysate (HPL) via repeated freezing and thawing of 3–5 bags of expired platelet concentrates with the same blood group and rhesus that were later pooled and centrifuged to separate the HPL [35]
human serum (HS) has been reported to be superior compared to foetal bovine serum (FBS) in promoting chondrocyte proliferation but inferior compared to FBS in preventing chondrocyte dedifferentiation [89]
Summary
Having to go through daily chores and activities can be very stressful when the joints involved in daily locomotion cannot move as smoothly as it should and causing pain This situation occurs more often with age due to imbalance between cartilage resorption and production as well as accumulation of injury and damage to the cartilage that serves as a cushion between two bones. The prevalence of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) among people aged 60 years and above is approximately 10–15% in the United States with women more prone to it compared to men [1] This percentage is expected to further escalate in future due to the aging population, the increasing number of people active in extreme sports and the obesity epidemic. The current review briefly discusses the anatomy and physiology of cartilage, pathophysiology of OA, and ACI with emphasis given to the in vitro expansion of chondrocytes using FBS and HPL
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