Feasibility of cold-stored Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) oothecae for rearing the oothecal parasitoids Aprostocetus hagenowii and Evania appendigaster (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae; Evaniidae): Effect of ootheca age and storage duration

Abstract

The minimum time of heating (48, 50, and 53°C) required to kill Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) oothecae aged 1, 2, 3 and 4weeks was determined and their suitability as hosts after different storage conditions (live, heat killed and cold stored for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4months at 4°C) for rearing parasitoids Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeburg) and Evania appendigaster (L.) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae; Evaniidae) was investigated. Heating at 48°C for 45min killed 100% of the oothecae of all ages. Both parasitoids had low emergence in live 4-week-old oothecae but emergence improved after oothecae were heat killed. For A. hagenowii, an interaction effect between ootheca age and storage duration was found for percentage emergence. Emergence rates were reduced in cold-stored 3- and 4-week-old oothecae (1–4 and 3–4months, respectively) but not in 1–2-week-old oothecae. The number of progeny produced in 1–2-week-old and 3–4-week-old oothecae decreased significantly after cold storage for 3–4 and 0.5–4months, respectively. In all conditions, the development time was 34.5–39.9d and the progeny sex ratio was female-biased (88.2–94.3%). E. appendigaster had low parasitism and emergence rates (0–20%) in cold-stored oothecae and took longer to develop in heat-killed and cold-stored oothecae than in live oothecae. In all conditions, the proportion of females was 0.619–0.821. These results illustrate the effects of ootheca age on host treatment and storage and can be used to develop efficient ways to use oothecae for rearing oothecal parasitoids.