Feasibility of a Three-Dimensional Porous Uncalcined and Unsintered Hydroxyapatite/poly-d/l-lactide Composite as a Regenerative Biomaterial in Maxillofacial Surgery.

Yunpeng Bai,Yumi Matsuzaki,Katsumi Hideshima,Hiroto Tatsumi,Hiroto Tatsumi,Jingjing Sha,Takahiro Kanno,Kenichi Miyamoto

doi:10.3390/ma11102047

Yunpeng Bai, Yumi Matsuzaki + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11102047

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Journal: Materials	Publication Date: Oct 20, 2018
Citations: 15	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Shimane University, Oki Electric Industry (Japan)

Abstract

This study evaluated the feasibility of a novel three-dimensional (3D) porous composite of uncalcined and unsintered hydroxyapatite (u-HA) and poly-d/l-lactide (PDLLA) (3D-HA/PDLLA) for the bony regenerative biomaterial in maxillofacial surgery, focusing on cellular activities and osteoconductivity properties in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, we assessed the proliferation and ingrowth of preosteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1 cells) in 3D-HA/PDLLA biomaterials using 3D cell culture, and the results indicated enhanced bioactive proliferation. After osteogenic differentiation of those cells on 3D-HA/PDLLA, the osteogenesis marker genes runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), and Sp7 (Osterix) were upregulated. For the in vivo study, we evaluated the utility of 3D-HA/PDLLA biomaterials compared to the conventional bone substitute of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in rats with critical mandibular bony defects. The implantation of 3D-HA/PDLLA biomaterials resulted in enhanced bone regeneration, by inducing high osteoconductivity as well as higher β-TCP levels. Our study thus showed that the novel composite, 3D-HA/PDLLA, is an excellent bioactive/bioresorbable biomaterial for use as a cellular scaffold, both in vitro and in vivo, and has utility in bone regenerative therapy, such as for patients with irregular maxillofacial bone defects.

Highlights

The maxillofacial area is a relatively complex part of the human body, consisting of bone, cartilage, and networks of nerves and vessels [1]
Bite force plays a role in the reconstruction procedure
The material used to fill the bony defect should be endowed with sufficient compressive strength to sustain maxillofacial bone and bear strong masticatory pressure [4]

Summary

Introduction

The maxillofacial area is a relatively complex part of the human body, consisting of bone, cartilage, and networks of nerves and vessels [1]. Critical-size segmental bone defects in this region occur as a result of cancer resection, trauma, congenital malformations, and progressive skeletal deformity [2]. Reconstruction of maxillofacial bones is difficult due to the unique aesthetic requirements and functional demands, which include mastication and the expression of emotions [3]. Bite force plays a role in the reconstruction procedure. The material used to fill the bony defect should be endowed with sufficient compressive strength to sustain maxillofacial bone and bear strong masticatory pressure [4].

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