Abstract
With notion to the potential use of cyclical CO2 injection as a follow-up post-CHOPS (Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand) EOR option, a comprehensive core-to-field scale study was performed to investigate the non-equilibrium CO2 behavior. PVT lab measurements of both CO2 injection and depletion tests were performed and modeled under highly controlled conditions and at different temperatures to obtain equilibrium properties. To address the kinetics of the non-equilibrium process, a 1.5-m multiple pressure-port core holder was designed to measure the differential pressure in the various sections of the sand-pack during CO2 depletion tests. Oil and gas volumes and the signature of pressures along the core holder length were recorded at each trial.Next, the CO2 depletion experiments were numerically simulated and the parameters of reaction kinetics used to model the liberation of dissolved CO2 gas to trapped CO2 bubbles and then to free CO2 gas non-equilibrium foamy oil depletion) were determined. The grid sensitivity of the reaction kinetics was investigated and a power-law core-to-field scaling rule was developed and numerically validated. The scaling rule was then used to upscale the reaction parameters for a previously history matched CHOPS field with 15 wells in Alberta (Rangriz Shokri and Babadagli, 2012, 2014). Lastly, the economic feasibility assessment of cyclic CO2 stimulation as a follow-up field-scale post-CHOPS option was determined under different oil price scenarios to optimize the operating conditions and the selection of the best possible field development strategies.
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