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Abstract
The main driver of research in the road transportation sector is almost certainly the development of technologies which allow for the reduction of CO2 emissions from internal combustion engines (ICEs). Wasted heat recovery (WHR) from the exhaust gases of ICEs based on organic rankine cycle (ORC) power units is one of the most promising technological solutions. However, several issues are raised when the recovery unit is scaled down to small applications, not to mention the fact that thermal sources are characterized by their intrinsically transient nature, as is the case with ICEs. In fact, this leads the ORC unit having to work frequently in off-design conditions. To successfully overcome this issue, the proper design and selection of the expanders are crucial. They are generally chosen from volumetric-type machines, thanks to their capacity to deal with time-varying thermo-fluid dynamic inlet properties. Among them, scroll machines represent one of the best solutions, despite them not yet being optimized as expanders, with them having been studied more as compressors. Dual-intake-port (DIP) technology is a novel solution used to enhance the performance of scroll machines. The effectiveness of this technology was assessed thanks to a comprehensive, experimentally-validated theoretical model of the scroll. It demonstrated that DIP technology can produce a 25% increase in mechanical power with respect to the baseline machine, without modifying the in–out pressure ratio. Maintaining a constant pressure difference across the expander at 5.6 bar, the power grew from 1131 W to 1410 W with the adoption of DIP technology. This power boost is lower than that achieved with a comparable DIP sliding rotary vane expander (SVRE) already studied by the authors, but the DIP Scroll achieved a higher efficiency (50–60%) when compared to the DIP SVRE case (40%).
Highlights
Note that the tip radial leakage area was set as an input element, being directly summed to the inlet port area during the ending phase of the suction process
The second intake consisting of the introduction of a further intake port after the main one
The second port is in an angular position corresponding to the expansion phase of the machine, posiintake port is in an angular position corresponding to the expansion phase of the machine, tioned justjust after the the firstfirst one
Summary
Compliance with the reduction is considered so important that in the European context a fee (95 Euros) must be paid by the vehicle manufacturer for each newly registered vehicle and for any fleet-averaged grams of CO2 exceeding the prescribed limitation [3] This value participates to define the target cost of green technologies in ICE sector, not yet sufficiently estimated or considered. Vehicle electrification and hybridization will certainly play a fundamental role in making the transportation sector more environmentally sustainable concerning the CO2 issue This depends on the presence of “green” electricity from the grid: too many geographical areas are still fed with coal-based electricity and this sensibly decreases the real contribution of electrification in terms of CO2 reduction [4]. This issue must be seriously considered, especially in a world which is going through electrification on a huge scale
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