Feasibility and Accuracy of Noncontact Three-Dimensional Digitizers for Geometric Facial Defects: An In Vitro Comparison

Abstract

To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of noncontact three-dimensional (3D) digitization systems for capturing facial defects. A stone model of a facial defect was digitized using high-accuracy industrial computed tomography as a reference scan. The model was also scanned using four different types of noncontact 3D digitizers: a laser beam light-sectioning technology with camera system and three different stereophotogrammetry systems. All 3D images were reconstructed with corresponding software and saved as standard triangulated language (STL) files. The 3D datasets were geometrically evaluated and compared to the reference data using 3D evaluation software. Kruskal-Wallis H tests were performed to assess differences in absolute 3D deviations between scans, with statistical significance defined as P < .05. The four noncontact 3D digitization systems were feasible for digitizing the facial defect model, although the median 3D deviation of the four digitizers varied. There was a significant difference in accuracy among the digitizers (P < .001). Digitization of facial defect models using various noncontact 3D digitizers appears to be feasible and is most accurate with laser beam light-sectioning technology. Further investigations assessing digitization of facial defects among patients are required to clinically verify the results of this study.