Fear of hypoglycaemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

To investigate the fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), to identify factors related to this fear, and thus to provide evidence for clinical assessment. A total of 385 patients with T2DM who were admitted to the departments of endocrinology in five tertiary grade-A hospitals in Chongqing, China were included in this study. A questionnaire for general information and a Chinese version of Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS) were used to collect the data. The average total score on the HFS was 71.67 ± 17.06 (HFS-W was 38.15 ± 10.57; HFS-B was 33.52 ± 9.54).The three items with the highest average score for HFS-W were not recognising low blood glucose (BG), not having food available, experiencing a hypoglycaemic episode alone, and for HFS-B were eating large amount of snacks, measuring BG six or more times per day, and keeping BG > 150 mmol/L. Regressions showed that number of hospitalisations for T2DM, receiving health education on diabetes, age and hypoglycaemia history because of T2DM were associated with fear of hypoglycaemia (all p < 0.05). Fear of hypoglycaemia in hospitalised patients with T2DM was strongly associated with diabetes health education, hospitalisation for diabetes, age, and hypoglycaemia history. Medical professionals should attach importance to the specific psychological interventions, health education on diabetes and the early prevention of hypoglycaemia or diabetic complications for patients with T2DM to reduce the fear of hypoglycaemia and improve their health status.