Abstract
Magnetic ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles embedded sodium alginate (SA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/calciumgel composites (MSPC) were synthesized for the removal of Cd2+. The physicochemical properties of the composite gel ball were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), power X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Quantitative adsorptions experiments were performed in view of sorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and temperature. Results showed that the optimum quantity of particles was 1.2 g·L−1, when the Cd2+concentration was fixed at 150 mg/L. The optimum pH for adsorption is 6.2. When the initial Cd2+concentration was from 50 to 200 mg·L−1, the adsorption equilibrium time was 80–120 minutes. The isotherms results showed the maximum sorption was 97.8 mg/g calculated from the Langmuir isotherm. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model could be well described by the sorption of Cd2+in the sediment. The correlation coefficients (R2) were all higher than 0.96. Results showed that MSPC was a practical and low-cost material for heavy metal removal from the river sediment and simultaneously solves the problems in convenient separation under additional magnetic field.
Highlights
Nowadays, river sediment contamination by heavy metals has become an important problem for environmental considerations
The MSPC gel balls were agglomerate material synthesized by immobilization
The MSPC gel balls were put into the sediment in Figures 1(c) and 1(d)
Summary
River sediment contamination by heavy metals has become an important problem for environmental considerations. The situ and ex situ remediation are traditional improvement for heavy metal pollution These two methods are based on physical, chemical, and biological treatments in the process of ecological restoration. Conventional chemical methods contain extraction and filtration [3], redox, fixed adsorption, ion exchange, and electrodialysis [4]. Among these methods, fixed adsorbent has been accepted for the removal of low content of heavy metals ions [5]. Adsorbents can efficiently decrease the content of heavy metals complexed by fixed site Some of these methods can obtain good separation efficiency for contaminated sediment when metal ions are at high concentration levels. Immobilization of Fe3O4 into some biological polymer materials seems to be a promising alternative [11]
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