Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 based on magnetic solid phase extraction for determination of organic UV filters in environmental water samples

Abstract

In this work, a nanocomposite structured magnetic metal–organic framework named as Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 was prepared via a simple hydrothermal approach. The as-mentioned nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. Using the Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 as a nanosorbent, an easy and highly effective approach was developed to preconcentrate nine organic UV filters before gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Different conditions influencing the extraction efficiency encompassing the sorbent amount, nature and volume of desorption solvent, desorption time, pH of the sample, and extraction time, were examined. Under the optimal experimental parameters, the Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2-based magnetic solid phase extraction and GC–MS (MSPE–GC–MS) demonstrated linearity in the range of 0.03–1500 ng/L (R2 ≥ 0.9974) and the reproducibility, expressed as RSD, was ≤7.5%. The limits of detection ranged between 0.01 and 0.07 ng/L and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.03–0.4 ng/L. Finally, the suggested approach was satisfactorily utilized to determine nine organic UV filters in different water samples (analytical recoveries between 86.5% and 104.2%).