Fe3O4@Thiosemicarbazide-Cu(II): An efficient magnetically separable catalyst for greener synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles using click reaction

Abstract

This work deals with the synthesis and characterization of a magnetically separable catalyst named Fe3O4@Thiosemicarbazide-Cu(II) and its catalytic testing for the syntheses of 1,2,3-triazoles. The Fe3O4@Thiosemicarbazide-Cu(II) was synthesized in three steps that involve the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), Fe3O4@Thiosemicarbazide, and complexation of Cu(II) on it. The new catalyst was fully characterized using various instrumental characterization techniques. The results revealed the formation of a stable catalyst with 17–22 nm in diameter. The catalyst was tested with the objective of presenting a new alternative way to synthesize 1,2,3-triazoles with improved and more efficient synthesis conditions. The catalytic efficiency of Fe3O4@Thiosemicarbazide-Cu(II) was evaluated for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles via click reaction of terminal alkynes, alkyl halides, and sodium azide in aqueous ethanol (50:50 v/v) at 60 °C. The important features of the present methodology include excellent catalytic activity, use of green solvent, high yield, and facile separation of catalyst, shorter reaction time, and reusability of the catalyst. Therefore, the work and results obtained present clear significant advancements over the previously reported synthesis methods.