Abstract
Agrocybe cylindracea substrate–Fe3O4 (ACS–Fe3O4), a Fe3O4 nanoparticle-coated biomaterial derived from agriculture waste from mushroom cultivation, was developed to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from liquid. After modification, material surface became uneven with polyporous and crinkly structure which improved Cr-accommodation ability in a sound manner. Optimized by the Taguchi method, Cr(VI) removal percentage was up to 73.88 at 240 min, 40°C, pH 3, Cr(VI) concentration 200 mg l−1, dosage 12 g l−1, rpm 200. The efficient Cr(VI) removal was due to the combined effect of adsorption and redox. In addition, verification test using tannery wastewater, with removal percentage of Cr(VI) and total Cr reaching 98.35 and 95.6, provided further evidence for the efficiency and feasibility of ACS–Fe3O4. The effect of storage time of the material on Cr(VI) removal was small, which enhanced its value in practical application. Results indicated that metal removal was mainly influenced by solution concentration, adsorbent dosage and treatment time. The experimental data obtained were successfully fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic study indicated the endothermic nature of the process. The results confirmed that ACS–Fe3O4 as novel material derived from waste, with long-term stability, could be applied for heavy metal removal from wastewater and waste cycling.
Highlights
Chromium (Cr) is a toxic heavy metal widely spread into living environment and a well-known carcinogen, which is mainly from industries such as electroplating, leather tanning, textile dyeing and steel fabrication. [1,2]
This study aims to investigate the potential of Fe3O4 nanoparticle-coated biomaterial derived from edible mushroom substrate to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater
The Cr(VI) removal capacity for the native material (ACS) was 1.93 mg g−1 dry biomass, and 16.84 mg g−1 for ACS–Fe3O4 (8.72-fold increase compared to ACS)
Summary
Chromium (Cr) is a toxic heavy metal widely spread into living environment and a well-known carcinogen, which is mainly from industries such as electroplating, leather tanning, textile dyeing and steel fabrication. [1,2]. Chromium (Cr) is a toxic heavy metal widely spread into living environment and a well-known carcinogen, which is mainly from industries such as electroplating, leather tanning, textile dyeing and steel fabrication. Conventional remediation techniques typically involve Cr(VI) precipitation as chromium iron hydroxide or chromium hydroxide or Cr(VI) transformation to Cr(III), including phytoextraction, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, ion exchange and physical adsorption [8]. Among these technologies, physical adsorption has been widely used because of its low cost and high efficiency [9]. Many materials have been investigated to remove pollutants from liquid, including activated carbon, lignite and bentonite [10]
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