Abstract
Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were prepared by an in situ, solid-phase reaction, without any precursor, using FeSO4, FeS2, and PVP K30 as raw materials. The nanoparticles were utilized to decolorize high concentrations methylene blue (MB). The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles was 18.52 mg/g, and that the adsorption process was exothermic. Additionally, by employing H2O2 as the initiator of a Fenton-like reaction, the removal efficiency of 100 mg/L MB reached ~99% with Fe3O4@C nanoparticles, while that of MB was only ~34% using pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The mechanism of H2O2 activated on the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles and the possible degradation pathways of MB are discussed. The Fe3O4@C nanoparticles retained high catalytic activity after five usage cycles. This work describes a facile method for producing Fe3O4@C nanoparticles with excellent catalytic reactivity, and therefore, represents a promising approach for the industrial production of Fe3O4@C nanoparticles for the treatment of high concentrations of dyes in wastewater.
Highlights
Dye pollution is one of the most severe environmental concerns nowadays
This study presents a facile, in situ, solid-phase method to synthesize Fe3 O4 @C nanoparticles for potential industrial-scale production and high-concentration dye wastewater treatment
The methylene blue (MB) solution concentration was measured with a spectrophotometer (664 nm, V-5800, Metash instrument, Shanghai, China), and the intermediates produced under the process of Fenton-like reaction were determined using the LC-MS (Thermo Scientific TSQ Quantum, Waltham, MA, USA)
Summary
Dye pollution is one of the most severe environmental concerns nowadays. Most industrial dyes contain complex components which are highly toxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic [1,2,3,4]. A host of technologies has been applied for the degradation of dye pollutants including biological, physical, and chemical approaches [5,6,7,8]. Adsorption and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been shown to be highly efficient methods for the removal of dye from wastewater [9,10]. The Fenton-like system has drawn much attention because of its ability to cleanly and efficiently remove dyes from wastewater. The development of adsorbents with good performance coupled with Fenton-like reactions has been the focal point of a great deal of recent research
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