Abstract
Iron and sulfur are two essential elements for all organisms. These elements form the Fe-S clusters that are present as cofactors in numerous proteins and protein complexes related to key processes in cells, such as respiration and photosynthesis, and participate in numerous enzymatic reactions. In photosynthetic organisms, the ISC and SUF Fe-S cluster synthesis pathways are located in organelles, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, respectively. There is also a third biosynthetic machinery in the cytosol (CIA) that is dependent on the mitochondria for its function. The genes and proteins that participate in these assembly pathways have been described mainly in bacteria, yeasts, humans, and recently in higher plants. However, little is known about the proteins that participate in these processes in algae. This review work is mainly focused on releasing the information on the existence of genes and proteins of green algae (chlorophytes) that could participate in the assembly process of Fe-S groups, especially in the mitochondrial ISC and CIA pathways.
Highlights
forms the core of the ironsulfur (Fe-S) Protein Synthesis in Green AlgaeIron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for all aerobic organisms
We found that AtFH and AtISD11 modulate the desulfurase activity of AtNFS1, indicating that the complex would have an important role in the early stages of Fe-S cluster synthesis [36]
The search in genomic and protein databases showed a high conservation of the genes and proteins involved in the synthesis of Fe-S groups in algal mitochondria
Summary
It is highly toxic in the free state and can cause oxidative stress and damage to cellular macromolecules For this reason, organisms developed mechanisms to regulate the content of Fe, responding to the deficiency or increase of the metal. Fe is present in numerous proteins that participate in energy metabolism, such as those that are involved in the mitochondrial and chloroplastic electron transport chains [1]. Both Fe and S are two compounds that are important for the synthesis of Fe-S groups and ferrosulfoproteins.
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