Abstract
Organic solvent free iron oxide nanomaterial used for lead removal was synthesized by co-precipitation method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopic with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermo gravimetric-differential thermal (TG-DTA) analysis were used to determine the surface characteristics and analysis of iron oxide. Optimization of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, agitation speed and initial lead ion concentration were conducted for further adsorption isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics and desorption study. Langmuir sorption isotherm model fits the adsorption data better than Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-RK) and Flory-Huggins (FH) models. The mean adsorption energy and free energy obtained from D-RK and FH models guides that the mechanism was under control of physical adsorption and actuality of spontaneous reaction, respectively. From kinetics of adsorption pseudo second (PSO) model fits well than pseudo first (PFO) and Elovich adsorption-reaction models. And to test whether the reaction is under control of adsorption-diffusion or not the intra particle diffusion (IPD) model was tested, but it fails to pass through the origin. This indicates that the reaction mechanism only under control of adsorption-reaction. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of the adsorbent was 70.422 mg/g.
Highlights
Heavy metals are the major cause of water pollution
Optimization of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, agitation speed and initial lead ion concentration were conducted for further adsorption isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics and desorption study
To test whether the reaction is under control of adsorption-diffusion or not the intra particle diffusion (IPD) model was tested, but it fails to pass through the origin
Summary
Heavy metals are the major cause of water pollution. There is a need for the development of simple and cost effective methods to remove it. The most familiar methods for the effective removal of heavy metals from waste waters include precipitation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, electrochemical technologies and adsorption. Among many such methods, adsorption is the best choice as it offers easy operation and the regeneration of the adsorbents with desorption processes for multiple use
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