Abstract
In this study, nitrogen-doped nanotube-encapsulated iron nanoparticle catalysts (Fe/Fe3C@NCNTs) were prepared using a one-step pyrolysis strategy for the efficiently activating of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The embedded structure greatly minimized the leaching of metals and enhanced the catalyst stability. The prepared Fe/Fe3C@NCNT-800 (0.05 g/L) exhibited excellent PMS (0.5 g/L) catalytic activity for the rapid degradation of TC (30 mg/L) with degradation rate of 90.5 % within 5 min under the pH of 7 and 25 ℃. Its performance was nearly unaffected by environmental factors (temperature, pH, inorganic anions and organic matter). Moreover, the Fe/Fe3C@NCNT-800/PMS system maintained a TC removal rate of 85.5 % after four cycles of degradation experiments, with a negligible amount of metal leaching. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements showed that iron nanoparticles and graphitic nitrogen promoted Fe2+/Fe3+ cycling and reactive oxygen species generation as catalytic centers. Among them, 1O2 and electron transfer were shown to be the main degradation pathways for degrading TC.
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