FDU-12@AGA-Pd: A green, novel, recyclable, and highly versatile mesoporous catalyst for C[sbnd]C coupling reaction and synthesis of tetrazoles

Abstract

Herein, we present an efficient, novel nanocatalyst through the immobilization of AGA-Pd onto the inside of mesoporous silica FDU-12 channels that were successfully synthesized by a simple procedure. The catalytic activity of FDU-12@AGA-Pd was investigated for the synthesis of 1H-tetrazole derivatives and the Suzuki reaction. The synthesized compounds were identified and confirmed with the help of 1H-NMR. In this research, the nanocatalyst was prepared by the immobilization of palladium into FDU-12 channels coated with 2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid (AGA). N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms indicated excellent BET surface area for FDU-12 and FDU-12@AGA-Pd, which is 627.27 and 106.69 (m2 /g), respectively. The physical and chemical properties of raw and modified samples (FDU-12, FDU-12@AGA-Pd) were characterized by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Mapping, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized mesoporous nanocatalyst was recovered and reused in five continuous cycles without considerable change in its catalytic activity.SynopsisOur findings will help researchers and industrial factories to apply a green and sustainable mesoporous catalyst to produce a variety of valuable organic compounds and pharmaceutical products.