Abstract
The Fc Fragment of IgG Binding Protein (FCGBP) has been proven to participate in intestinal tumor immunity. However, the biological role of FCGBP has remained unclear in glioma. The differential expression of FCGBP was explored by Oncomine and GEPIA databases. The effect of FCGBP on prognosis was analyzed via Kaplan–Meier plotter and GEPIA. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) tool was used to determine the correlations of FCGBP expression with tumor immune infiltration. Firstly, FCGBP was highly expressed in glioma and correlated with a worse prognosis. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and co-expression genes of FCGBP were mainly involved in the immune response. Furthermore, FCGBP expression was positively associated with multiple immune cells infiltrates as well as the expression levels of multiple immune markers in glioma. FCGBP co-expression networks mostly participated in the regulation of immune response. Finally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were conducted to explore the expression of FCGBP, PD-L1, CCL2 and CD8 in glioma and correlations between them. We found that PDL1 and FCGBP were synchronously upregulated in glioma tissues. These findings revealed a new mechanism by which FCGBP participates in the immune tolerance of glioma, and implied the potential of FCGBP as a therapeutic target or predictive marker for patients.
Highlights
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) in adults [1]
PD-1 and CTLA-4 antibodies have achieved sustained efficacy in some patients [19]. New therapies such as immunotherapy have been used, it is still difficult to obtain a good prognosis for GBM patients [20]
FCGBP was previously considered to be one of the components of mucus secreted by goblet cells in the intestine
Summary
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) in adults [1]. High-grade glioma is significantly aggressive and highly heterogeneous, and their tumor microenvironment contains immune cells, glioma stem cells, and mesenchymal cells [2,3,4]. With the further clarification of molecular markers, in 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated the classification of CNS tumors, which is conducive to the molecular treatment of glioma [5]. It is important to explore novel effective molecular markers to better guide the diagnosis and treatment of glioma. Its molecular function is still unclear and may be related to the body’s innate immunity [9, 10]. The role of FCGBP is still unknown in glioma
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